Staff

To contact individual staff members, replace [at] with @.

Tony Bunyan (Director Emeritus)

Tony is an investigative journalist and writer specialising in justice and home affairs, civil liberties, EU state-building and freedom of information. He was Director of Statewatch 1990-2010 and edited Statewatch News (1999-2010). He is the author of The Political Police in Britain (1977), Secrecy and Openness in the European Union (1999) and The Shape of Things to Come (2009) and edited The War on Freedom and Democracy (2005). He is a Member of the Council of the Institute of Race Relations and a Lifetime Member of the National Union of Journalists  The position of Director Emeritus in Statewatch is a life-time appointment - Tony continues to be a member of the Statewatch team.

• Email: tony [at] statewatch.org

Chris Jones (Executive Director)

Chris has been working for Statewatch since 2010 and in September 2020 was appointed as Executive Director. He specialises in issues relating to policing, migration, privacy and data protection and security technologies.

• Email: chris [at] statewatch.org
• @earsinfingers

Romain Lanneau (Consultant Researcher)

Romain Lanneau is a legal researcher based in Amsterdam, publishing on the topics of migration, asylum, and the use of new technologies for public policies. In 2021, he was selected as a Bucerius Start Up PhD Fellow for a one-year project on the theme of 'Beyond Borders'. He is a recent graduate of a research LLM on International Migration and Refugee Law from the Vrije Universiteit (VU) Amsterdam. In the past, he worked for several NGOs, including the largest research network on migration and refugee law in Europe, the Odysseus Academic Network.

• Email: romain [at] statewatch.org
• @romainlanneau

Yasha Maccanico (Researcher)

Yasha has worked for Statewatch since 1998, providing news coverage, analysis and translations to link EU policies to events on the ground in the justice and home affairs field in several member states (UK, Italy, Spain, France, Belgium and Portugal). He has extensive public speaking experience in civil society and academic contexts and in 2019 completed a PhD at the University of Bristol in Policy Studies on the topic of 'European Immigration Policies as a Problem: State Power and Authoritarianism'.

• Email: yasha [at] statewatch.org
• @yashamac1

Rahmat Tavakkoli (Finance & Administration Worker)

Rahmat joined Statewatch in September 2021 to take care of our financial and administrative procedures, ensure compliance with regulatory requirements and contribute to the smooth running of the office and the organization.

• Email admin [at] statewatch.org

Trustees

Marie-Laure Basilien-Gainche

Marie-Laure Basilien-Gainche is Professor of Law at the University Jean Moulin Lyon 3, honorarium member of the Institut Universitaire de France, and fellow of the Institut Convergence Migrations. Her researches focus on the exigencies of the rule of law and their limitations in cases of exceptions: the situations of serious crises which allow the concentration of powers and restriction of rights (e.g. the use of the state of emergency), and the areas of legal confinement which are conducive to abuses of power and rights infringements (e.g. camps and centres where migrants and refugees are detained). She is member of the editorial board of various reviews and is involved in numerous academics networks regarding human rights law. You can find more information about her activities and publications on her personal webpage.

Laure Baudrihaye-Gérard

Laure is a lawyer based in Brussels, where she works on EU and Belgian criminal justice policy. She qualified as a solicitor in London, specialised in EU law and worked in private practice in both London and Brussels before studying criminology. After participating in several academic research projects, Laure joined Fair Trials, a criminal justice watchdog, in 2018. As Legal Director for Europe, she led on EU advocacy, strategic litigation in European courts and the coordination of a European-wide network of criminal defence lawyers, civil society and academic organisations. She has also been working as a prison monitor since 2019 in a large pre-trial detention prison in Brussels, and since 2020 heads up the appeals committee that adjudicates on complaints from detained people against the prison administration.

Jonathan Bloch

Jonathan Bloch studied law at the University of Cape Town and the London School of Economics. He was politically involved in South Africa in the worker and student movement and remains active in human rights circles in the UK. From 2002 until 2014 he chaired the Canon Collins Educational and Legal Assistance Trust, one of the largest scholarship awarding organisations in South Africa. He was a councillor in the London Borough of Haringey 2002-14. He has co-authored several books on intelligence. He owns and runs a worldwide financial information business across four continents.

Victoria Canning

Victoria Canning is senior lecturer in Criminology at the University of Bristol. She has spent over a decade working on the rights of women seeking asylum, specifically on support for survivors of sexual violence and torture with NGOs and migrant rights organisations. She recently completed an ESRC Research Leaders Fellowship focussing on harmful practice in asylum systems in Britain, Denmark and Sweden, and the gendered implications thereof. Vicky has experience researching in immigration detention in Denmark and Sweden, as well as Denmark’s main deportation centre. She is currently embarking on a study of torture case file datasets with the Danish Institute Against Torture which aims to create a basis from which to better identify and thus respond to sexual torture and sexualised torturous violence with refugee survivors of torture more broadly.

Nadine Finch

Nadine was a member of the Statewatch contributors group for a number of years and also previously a trustee. She was a human rights barrister between 1992 and 2015 and an Upper Tribunal Judge from 2015 to 2020. She is now an Honorary Senior Policy Fellow at the University of Bristol and an Associate at Child Circle, a children's rights NGO based in Brussels.

Lilana Keith

Lilana Keith is PICUM’s Senior Advocacy Officer on Labour Rights and Labour migration. PICUM - the Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants, is a network of more than 165 organisations in 35 countries, mostly in Europe, working for human rights and social justice for undocumented migrants.

Lilana joined PICUM in 2011 and has had various roles, including leading PICUM’s work to advance the rights and inclusion of undocumented children, young people and families for many years. She has been involved in work to advance migrants’ rights since 2009, including through community development and funding. She has an academic background in international and European migration law and policy and anthropology.

It’s time for the second installment of campfire tales from our friends, The Encryptids—the rarely-seen enigmas who’ve become folk legends. They’re helping us celebrate EFF’s summer membership drive for internet freedom!

Through EFF's 34th birthday on July 10, you can receive 2 rare gifts, be a member for just $20, and as a bonus new recurring monthly or annual donations get a free match! Join us today.

So...do you ever feel like tech companies still own the devices you’ve paid for? Like you don’t have alternatives to corporate choices? Au contraire! Today, Monsieur Jackalope tells us why interoperability plays a key role in giving you freedom in tech...

-Aaron Jue
EFF Membership Team

_______________________________________

C

all me Jacques. Some believe I am cuddly. Others deem me ferocious. Yet I am those things and more. How could anyone tell me what I may be? Beauty lives in creativity, innovation, and yes, even contradiction. When you are confined to what is, you lose sight of what could be. Zut! Here we find ourselves at the mercy of oppressive tech companies who perhaps believe you are better off without choices. But they are wrong.

Control, commerce, and lack of competition. These limit us and rob us of our potential. We are destined for so much more in tech! When I must make repairs on my scooter, do I call Vespa for their approval on my wrenches? Mais non! Then why should we prohibit software tools from interacting with one another? The connected world must not be a darker reflection of this one we already know.

The connected world must not be a darker reflection of this one we already know.

EFF’s team—avec mon ami Cory Doctorow!—advocate powerfully for systems in which we do not need the permission of companies to fix, connect, or play with technology. Oui, c’est difficile: you find copyrighted software in nearly everything, and sparkling proprietary tech lures you toward crystal prisons. But EFF has helped make excellent progress with laws supporting your Right to Repair, they speak out against tech monopolies, they lift up the free and open source software community, and they advocate for creators across the web.

Join EFF

Interoperability makes good things great

You can make a difference in the fight to truly own your devices. Support the EFF’s efforts as a member this year and reach toward the sublime web that interconnection and creativity can bring.

Cordialement,

Monsieur Jackalope

_______________________________________

EFF is a member-supported U.S. 501(c)(3) organization celebrating TEN YEARS of top ratings from the nonprofit watchdog Charity Navigator! Your donation is tax-deductible as allowed by law.

戦時下、銅の増産を軍需省から要求された小坂鉱山には強制連行の朝鮮人５９２人が働いた。少ない食事での重労働で逃亡者、死亡者が多発した。逃亡者はつかまると袋叩きにあった。朝鮮人のほか中国人連行者、仙台捕虜収容者からの英・米・豪捕虜も働かされていた。いずれも多くの死亡者が出たが、資料はほとんどない。死んだ朝鮮人連行者は笹原に埋められた。墓地は笹に埋まり、人も入れなくなっている。（大野和興）

三菱電機株式会社が提供するMELSEC-Q/LリーズのCPUユニットには、複数の脆弱性が存在します。

This post was written by EFF legal intern Danya Hajjaji.

Law enforcement should be required to obtain a warrant to search data contained in abandoned cell phones, EFF and others explained in a friend-of-the-court brief to the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals.

The case, United States v. Hunt, involves law enforcement’s seizure and search of an iPhone the defendant left behind after being shot and taken to the hospital. The district court held that the iPhone’s physical abandonment meant that the defendant also abandoned the data stored on the phone. In support of the defendant’s appeal, we urged the Ninth Circuit to reverse the district court’s ruling and hold that the Fourth Amendment’s abandonment exception does not apply to cell phones: as it must in other circumstances, law enforcement should generally have to obtain a warrant before it searches someone’s cell phone.

Cell phones differ significantly from other physical property. They are pocket-sized troves of highly sensitive information with immense storage capacity. Today’s phone carries and collects vast and varied data that encapsulates a user’s daily life and innermost thoughts.

Courts—including the US Supreme Court—have recognized that cell phones contain the “sum of an individual’s private life.” And, because of this recognition, law enforcement must generally obtain a warrant before it can search someone’s phone.

While people routinely carry cell phones, they also often lose them. That should not mean losing the data contained on the phones.

While the Fourth Amendment’s ”abandonment doctrine” permits law enforcement to conduct a warrantless seizure or search of an abandoned item, EFF’s brief explains that this precedent does not mechanically apply to cell phones. As the Supreme Court has recognized multiple times, the rote application of case law from prior eras with less invasive and revealing technologies threatens our Fourth Amendment protections.

Our brief goes on to explain that a cell phone owner rarely (if ever) intentionally relinquishes their expectation of privacy and possessory interests in data on their cell phones, as they must for the abandonment doctrine to apply. The realities of the modern cell phone seldom infer a purpose to discard the wealth of data they contain. Cell phone data is not usually confined to the phone itself, and is instead stored in the “cloud” and accessible across multiple devices (such as laptops, tablets, and smartwatches).

We hope the Ninth Circuit recognizes that expanding the abandonment doctrine in the manner envisioned by the district court in Hunt would make today’s cell phone an accessory to the erosion of Fourth Amendment rights.

The Electronic Frontier Alliance is proud to have such a diverse membership, and is especially proud to ally with Encode Justice chapters. Encode Justice is a community that includes over 1,000 high school and college students across over 40 U.S. states and 30 countries. Organized into chapters, these young people constitute a global youth movement for safe, equitable AI. Their mission is mobilizing communities for AI aligned with human values.

At its core, Encode Justice is more than just a name. It’s a guiding philosophy: they believe we must encode justice and safety into the technologies we build. Young people are critical stakeholders in conversations about AI, and presently, as we find ourselves face-to-face with challenges like algorithmic bias, misinformation, democratic erosion, and labor displacement; we simultaneously stand on the brink of even larger-scale risks that could result from the loss of human control over increasingly powerful systems. Encode Justice believes human-centered AI must be built, designed, and governed by and for diverse stakeholders, and that AI should help guide us towards our aspirational future, not simply reflect the data of our past and present.

Currently three local chapters of Encode Justice have joined the EFA: Encode Justice North Carolina, Oregon, and Georgia. Recently I caught up with the leader of Encode Justice NC, Siri, about her chapter, their work, and how other people (including youth) can plug in and join the movement for safe, equitable AI:

Can you tell us a little about your chapter, its composition, and its projects?

Encode Justice North Carolina is an Encode Justice chapter led by Siri M while including other high schoolers and college students in NC. Most of us are in the Research Triangle Park area, but we’d also welcome any NC based student that is interested in our work! In the past, we have done projects including educational workshops, policy memos, and legislative campaigns (on the state & city council level) while lobbying officials and building coalitions with other state and local organizations.

Diving more into the work of your chapter, can you elaborate? And are there any local partnerships you’ve made with regard to your legislative advocacy efforts?

We’ve specifically done a lot of work around surveillance, with ‘AI in Policing & Surveillance' being the subject of our educational workshop with the national organization “Paving Tomorrow.” We’ve also lobbied the city council of Cary, NC to pass an ACLU model bill on police surveillance, after gaining support in the campaign from Emancipate NC, the EFA, and BSides RDU. Notably, we have lobbied our state legislature to pass a bill regarding social media addiction and data privacy for youth. Additionally, a policy memo from our chapter was written and published as a part of the Encode Justice State AI legislative project to spread information and analysis on the local legislative landscape, stakeholders, and solutions regarding tech policy related issues in our state. The memo was for legislators, organizations, and press to use.

We’ve also conducted a project to gather student testimonials on AI/school-based surveillance. In the near future, we are looking forward to working on bigger campaigns, including a national legislative facial recognition campaign, and a local campaign on the impacts of surveillance on immigrant communities. We are also more generally looking forward to expanding our reach while gaining new members in more regions of NC, and potentially leading more campaigns and projects while increasing their scope and widening our range of topics. 

How can other youth plug-in to support and join the movement?

Anyone, including non-students, can follow us on Instagram at @encodejusticenc. If you are interested in becoming an Encode Justice North Carolina member, you could please fill out the form to do so! Lastly, if you are a student that would like to support us in a smaller way, you can fill out the student testimonies survey here.

Dozens of policing agencies are currently using cell-site simulators (CSS) by Jacobs Technology and its Engineering Integration Group (EIG), according to newly-available documents on how that company provides CSS capabilities to local law enforcement. 

A proposal document from Jacobs Technology, provided to the Massachusetts State Police (MSP) and first spotted by the Boston Institute for Nonprofit Journalism (BINJ), outlines elements of the company’s CSS services, which include discreet integration of the CSS system into a Chevrolet Silverado and lifetime technical support. The proposal document is part of a winning bid Jacobs submitted to MSP earlier this year for a nearly $1-million contract to provide CSS services, representing the latest customer for one of the largest providers of CSS equipment.

An image of the Jacobs CSS system as integrated into a Chevrolet Silverado for the Virginia State Police. Source: 2024 Jacobs Proposal Response

The proposal document from Jacobs provides some of the most comprehensive information about modern CSS that the public has had access to in years. It confirms that law enforcement has access to CSS capable of operating on 5G as well as older cellular standards. It also gives us our first look at modern CSS hardware. The Jacobs system runs on at least nine software-defined radios that simulate cellular network protocols on multiple frequencies and can also gather wifi intelligence. As these documents describe, these CSS are meant to be concealed within a common vehicle. Antennas are hidden under a false roof so nothing can be seen outside the vehicles, which is a shift from the more visible antennas and cargo van-sized deployments we’ve seen before.  The system also comes with a TRACHEA2+ and JUGULAR2+ for direction finding and mobile direction finding. 

The Jacobs 5G CSS base station system. Source: 2024 Jacobs Proposal Response

CSS, also known as IMSI catchers, are among law enforcement’s most closely-guarded secret surveillance tools. They act like real cell phone towers, “tricking” mobile devices into connecting to them, designed to intercept the information that phones send and receive, like the location of the user and metadata for phone calls, text messages, and other app traffic. CSS are highly invasive and used discreetly. In the past, law enforcement used a technique called “parallel construction”—collecting evidence in a different way to reach an existing conclusion in order to avoid disclosing how law enforcement originally collected it—to circumvent public disclosure of location findings made through CSS. In Massachusetts, agencies are expected to get a warrant before conducting any cell-based location tracking. The City of Boston is also known to own a CSS. 

This technology is like a dragging fishing net, rather than a focused single hook in the water. Every phone in the vicinity connects with the device; even people completely unrelated to an investigation get wrapped up in the surveillance. CSS, like other surveillance technologies, subjects civilians to widespread data collection, even those who have not been involved with a crime, and has been used against protestors and other protected groups, undermining their civil liberties. Their adoption should require public disclosure, but this rarely occurs. These new records provide insight into the continued adoption of this technology. It remains unclear whether MSP has policies to govern its use. CSS may also interfere with the ability to call emergency services, especially for people who have to use accessibility technologies for those who cannot hear.

Important to the MSP contract is the modification of a Chevrolet Silverado with the CSS system. This includes both the surreptitious installment of the CSS hardware into the truck and the integration of its software user interface into the navigational system of the vehicle. According to Jacobs, this is the kind of installation with which they have a lot of experience.

Jacobs has built its CSS project on military and intelligence community relationships, which are now informing development of a tool used in domestic communities, not foreign warzones in the years after September 11, 2001. Harris Corporation, later L3Harris Technologies, Inc., was the largest provider of CSS technology to domestic law enforcement but stopped selling to non-federal agencies in 2020. Once Harris stopped selling to local law enforcement the market was open to several competitors, one of the largest of which was KeyW Corporation. Following Jacobs’s 2019 acquisition of The KeyW Corporation and its Engineering Integration Group (EIG), Jacobs is now a leading provider of CSS to police, and it claims to have more than 300 current CSS deployments globally. EIG’s CSS engineers have experience with the tool dating to late 2001, and they now provide the spectrum of CSS-related services to clients, including integration into vehicles, training, and maintenance, according to the document. Jacobs CSS equipment is operational in 35 state and local police departments, according to the documents.

EFF has been able to identify 13 agencies using the Jacobs equipment, and, according to EFF’s Atlas of Surveillance, more than 70 police departments have been known to use CSS. Our team is currently investigating possible acquisitions in California, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Virginia. 

An image of the Jacobs CSS system interface integrated into the factory-provided vehicle navigation system. Source: 2024 Jacobs Proposal Response

The proposal also includes details on other agencies’ use of the tool, including that of the Fontana, CA Police Department, which it says has deployed its CSS more than 300 times between 2022 and 2023, and Prince George's County Sheriff (MO), which has also had a Chevrolet Silverado outfitted with CSS. 

Jacobs isn’t the lone competitor in the domestic CSS market. Cognyte Software and Tactical Support Equipment, Inc. also bid on the MSP contract, and last month, the City of Albuquerque closed a call for a cell-site simulator that it awarded to Cognyte Software Ltd. 

自動運転時代の“次世代のITS通信”研究会（第8回）配布資料